Because N is about three times as large as S, the same amount of change will proportionally affect S much more than it affects N. As a result, d̂S tends to fluctuate more than d̂N.
The 'bulk flow' model proposes that soluble cargos exit the ER by default without selection (Wieland et al., 1987; Martinez-Menarguez et al., 1999; Warren and Mellman, 1999; Thor et al., 2009), and would therefore predict that alterations of overall SEC24 abundance would proportionally affect secretion of all soluble cargos.
Trade has always been more than proportionally affected by fluctuations in output, but the globalisation of the supply chain has increased its responsiveness.
Our findings support the view that increasing the protein composition of beverages relative to carbohydrate proportionally affects short-term subsequent intake in controlled conditions.
However, the bias in the genetic correlation would depend on biases in the additive genetic covariance and in the additive genetic variances, and might be small if all components are proportionally affected.
Major causes of deaths proportionally affecting more men than women were (all p<0.0001) assault (6.1% vs. 1.7%), pulmonary tuberculosis (34.5% vs. 30.2%), road traffic accidents (3.0% vs. 1.0%), intentional self-harm (1.3% vs. 0.3%), and respiratory neoplasms (2.5% vs. 1.5%).
Major causes of deaths proportionally affecting more men than women (ordered by decreasing difference and with a p<0.0001) were assault (6.1% vs. 1.7%), pulmonary tuberculosis (34.5% vs. 30.2%), road traffic accidents (3.0% vs. 1.0%), intentional self-harm (1.3% vs. 0.3%), and respiratory neoplasms (2.5% vs. 1.5%).
Major causes of death proportionally affecting more women than men (ordered by decreasing difference and with a p<0.0001) were HIV/AIDS (20.1% vs. 13.6%), other and unspecified cardiac disease (5.9% vs. 3.2%), stroke (4.5% vs. 2.7%), reproductive neoplasms (1.7% vs. 0.4%), diabetes (2.4% vs. 1.2%), and breast neoplasms (0.4% vs. 0%).
Major causes of death proportionally affecting more women than men were (all p<0.0001): human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (20.1% vs. 13.6%), other and unspecified cardiac disease (5.9% vs. 3.2%), stroke (4.5% vs. 2.7%), reproductive neoplasms (1.7% vs. 0.4%), diabetes (2.4% vs. 1.2%), and breast neoplasms (0.4% vs. 0%).
A four way Anova (F test, cutoff p-value < 0.001) and univariate t tests (cutoff p-value < 0.001 and < 0.05) were performed among (between) treatments for the three tissues to obtain a general estimate of the number of transcripts proportionally affected in each condition (Additional file 2, Table S2).
In the current study, norleucine attenuated brain leucine accumulation, but had a proportionally greater affect to control αKIC levels.
