The energy flow is proportional to the temperature difference according to Fourier's law, where the constant of proportionality (aside from the geometric factors of the apparatus) is called the heat conductivity or thermal conductivity of the fluid, λ.
Martingale residuals reflected no violations of proportionality apart from the ER variable.
Furthermore, the intercept and the coefficient of proportionality obtained from the combined series (k = 12) are just about 1 and 8 percent below the means of the individual pair-wise comparisons 3.54 and 0.047, respectively (Table 1).
10where ks is a quantification constant of proportionality derived from measurements of standards of known concentration, m i is the molar quantity of component i per pixel, and I i (E) is the normalized intensity of component i at energy E, derived from measured spectra.
From the clinical point of view, the deviation from dose proportionality for the single dose study is not relevant.
The only deviation from this proportionality would come from the relatively small branching regions of the network.
The capacitance vs E curve was linear for E > Ec whereas it deviated from the proportionality for E > Ec.
The natural rights tradition has close ties to the notion of desert, making issues of proportionality between benefiting from one's own labour and gaining from the efforts of others mandatory.
Elastic moduli E, Poisson ratios v and limits of proportionality were derived from the linear portion of the stress-strain curve.
