Substance abuse and criminal behaviour are closely related, and a large proportion of substance users commit crimes [ 1, 2].
Overall, this report demonstrates a considerably high proportion of substance using adolescents particularly concerning early and heavy drinking.
The high proportion of substance abusers discharged without follow-up is concerning given the high mortality rate by poisoning and other causes even 20 years after a poisoning episode, irrespective of the intention behind the poisoning [ 7].
The overrepresentation of boys (75.5%) in our clinical sample of SUD patients basically seems to reflect the proportion of substance abusing boys and girls in the German general population [ 2, 45].
This scheme suggests a plausible explanation for the observation that the proportion of substance reaching the cisterna magna is larger from injection sites that are closer to the cisterna magna.
The illustrated standards cover general appearance, size, proportion and substance (the head, neck, topline, body, forequarters, hindquarters, coat, color and gait).
Higher collective efficacy and social network size also predicted a lower proportion of substance-exposed infants.
Proportions of substance use disorders in these patients range from 32 to 56% in previous studies [ 3, 4].
Nearly three in every four patients is male, with consistently higher proportions of substance use, weekend injury, and weapons-related, intentional trauma, excluding self-harm.
However, mortality in women in this study was higher in the younger age groups than for men, even though, with regard to the proportion of substances, the age at first use of drugs and age at first admission showed a similar pattern regardless of sex.
