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Many transformation methods, such as ballistic transformation [ 7] or whiskers transformation [ 8] yield a high proportion of transformants with highly differing numbers of transgenes and only a small proportion of primary transformants with low copy numbers.
In contrast, only a small proportion of transformants were coloured when the reporter was expressed from Phsp60; less than 1% of the transformants for tdTomato, Turbo and 5% for mCherry.
The proportion of transformants containing markerless chromosomal insertion mutations depends on the retargeting efficiency [ 16].
We argued that – compared to a random mutagenesis strategy [ 15] – targeting insertion mutations towards expressed genes would increase the proportion of transformants displaying altered properties, and would decrease the total number of transformants to be screened to find a particular change in phenotype.
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These results are consistent with previous observations of low frequency stable integration by non-homologous recombination and deletion on the ends of the inserted DNA [ 20, 21, 25], underscoring the need to increase the proportion of stable transformants and to prevent deletion of barcodes.
Both vector concentration and vector to insert ratio influenced the library proportion of multiple vector transformants, but their population frequency was independent of transformation efficiency.
Here we report significant new findings regarding the response of 'Hawaii 4' to in vitro transformation and regeneration, including explicit evidence that regeneration under the employed conditions occurs via a somatic embryogenic pathway, and the first report that a substantial proportion of the primary transformants of this diploid line are tetraploid.
For each transformation, the proportion of Tr colonies among 50 EmR PmR transformants was determined.
High-efficiency competent cells should be used when transforming; a higher sample of transformants should thus be obtained and current recombinant clone proportions could be confirmed.
They are a population of transformants at this point (i.e. not clonal) so we expect the proportion of individual insertions relative to one another may change over time.
While this approach increased the proportion of stable insertion mutants among the total transformants (from 4%to3030%), we note that some mutants might have been excluded.
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