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13 Developing countries' external debt as a proportion of export revenue dropped from 12% in 2000 to 3.1% in 2012.
Ten years ago, Algeria's foreign debt was equivalent to 72% of GDP and servicing it soaked up a similar proportion of export revenue.
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But Mr. Wright and Mr. Czelusta point out that almost every one of these studies uses the proportion of exports of the particular natural resource as a proxy for a nation's mineral abundance.
Earnings from processed wood (mostly sawn on small portable mills) grew as a result, and wood products accounted for a small but significant proportion of exports in the early 21st century.
But more recent work by Christa Brunnschweiler and Erwin Bulte, two Swiss-based economists, draws a very different conclusion.The Swiss-based academics make a crucial distinction between abundance (having lots of resources) and dependence (having a high proportion of exports in resource-related industries).
By contrast, the average proportion of exports to USA from Risaralda between 2000 and 2013 was about 42 % while from Valle del Cauca it was about 16%%.
London and the South East have the highest proportion of exporting businesses, followed by the East of England and the West Midlands.
Although still an important trading partner, the proportion of exports going to the US is clearly decreasing.
Signal peptides were detected in 26% of the predicted proteome from A. muciniphila, indicating a high proportion of exported products that include many with a likely role in mucin degradation.
To investigate whether there might also be an association between the proportion of POC export that is mineral-associated and the export efficiency, PEeff, we now compare our mineral-associated POC export data to the global pattern of PEeff reported by Siegel et al. [ 2014].
Aside from phosphate and agricultural products, which account for a large proportion of Togolese export earnings, some iron and steel and cement are exported.
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