This means that even for pathogens with low basic reproductive numbers, a minimal threshold in the proportion of "avoiders" (pA) must be attained to make the avoidance strategy beneficial.
Although this does not exclude a large proportion of close relatives, avoidance between mice sharing both MUP haplotypes might be sufficient to drive widespread avoidance between very close relatives under natural conditions.
In addition to the increase in the proportion insured, the lower rates of avoidance due to cost in the older age groups may be associated with the Allied Health and Dental Care initiative introduced in 2004.
1 Although a large proportion of these are inevitable, avoidance of unnecessary death is an important objective for health services.
Compared to university hospitals, nonuniversity hospitals had a significantly higher proportion of positive responses to avoidance of patient (93.3% vs. 91.1%, p = 0.002), fear (62.9% vs. 52.2%, p < 0.001), and job change (33.8% vs. 24.1%, p < 0.001).
Compared to younger workers, older workers had a lower proportion of positive responses to avoidance of patient (90.0% vs. 93.1%, p < 0.001) and job change (22.5% vs. 30.7%, p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of positive responses to acceptance of risk (66.6% vs. 62.3%, p < 0.001).
Compared to men, women had a significantly higher proportion of positive responses to avoidance of patient (93.7% vs. 87.3%, p < 0.001), fear (58.2% vs. 48.7%, p < 0.001), and job change (31.9% vs. 15.7%, p < 0.001) and lower proportion of positive responses to acceptance of risk (63.1% vs. 67.0%, p = 0.002).
In sum, the results of this study documented that a noticeable proportion of the public exhibited avoidance behaviors that had not been advised by the government and negative psychological responses at the early 'pre-community outbreak phase' of the H1N1 outbreak.
We cannot exclude the possibility that a larger proportion of women with a high level of avoidance symptoms declined participation in the study.
Though all children with PTSD had actual or preferred avoidance, the proportion of all children reporting this from HEA was less than that from LEA. Prevalence of all other symptoms of PTSD was significantly more in HEA than LEA.
