Airway proportion measurements from cadaver studies suggest that the airways progressively and proportionately reduce size from the central to peripheral airways in both children and adults [ 8- 10, 25].
This is the first study reporting detailed in-vivo airway cross-sectional area measurements from cricoid to lobar bronchial divisions and area based airway proportion measurements from children using a validated bronchoscopic methodology.
Alvarez (1946) tested the single-origin hypothesis through assessment of a number of morphological features (e.g., fin ray number, body proportion measurements) in the Chica, Sabinos and Pachón caves.
For the continuous mouse coat-color-proportion measurements derived from our proposed method to be useful as a research tool, they must have a high degree of repeatability.
When comparing the proportion of measurements with measurements errors greater than 10° (Table 2), the only significant differences identified were that hip abduction was more precisely measured with digital photography than visual estimation (93% vs. 83%, p = 0.019).
When comparing the proportion of measurements with measurements errors within the defined clinically significant difference (Table 4), the only significant difference identified was that knee extension was more precisely measured with digital photography than with visual estimation (74% vs. 49%, p < 0.001) and with goniometry (74% vs 50%, p < 0.001).
The precision of measurements was defined as the proportion of measurement errors less than the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) (Edwards et al. 2004; Gajdosik and Bohannon 1987).
Traditionally, CMG measures are used to reflect the proportion of measurement window in which medication is not taken and the duration of usage gaps, but equivalently one can use 1-CMG to estimate the proportion of days during a measurement window during which a participant was taking medication.
A ceiling effect may occur when a large proportion of measurement observations are close to the upper bound of the measurement scale.
A floor effect may occur when a large proportion of measurement observations are close to the lower bound of the measurement scale.
