Both the Nyaya-Vaisheshika schools are realistic with regard to things, properties, relations, and universals.
The introduction of constants is normally accompanied by the addition to the axiomatic basis of special axioms containing those constants, designed to express principles that hold of the objects, properties, relations, or functions represented by them though they do not hold of objects, properties, relations, or functions in general.
A domain is a set of objects, properties, relations and functions, together with a set of accepted statements about those objects, properties, relations and functions.
Are there only simple states of affairs that involve only particulars and properties (relations)?
Differences do emerge over the contents of space-time: the properties, relations and functions definable on space or time.
The contents of mental representations are typically taken to be abstract objects (properties, relations, propositions, sets, etc).
When it came to properties, relations and propositions, however, he found no such clear criterion of identity.
The answer to this question given by a proponent of Russellian propositions is: objects, properties, relations, and functions.
To avoid confusion, Dummett calls the first range of distinctions (among logical categories of objects, properties, relations, etc).
Since invoking "all" properties, relations and so on will certainly land us in paradox, these distributions, or possibilities, are going to have to be relativized to some circumscribed array of properties and relations.
