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Product innovation, however measured, has a strong effect on the probability and propensity to export in both countries.
Export behaviour is defined in a dual way: as a probability for a firm to export and as the propensity to export for the exporting firms.
Our results show that the cost of innovation and the level of indebtedness of a company have a statistically significant and negative effect on attitudes to innovation, whereas the technical qualifications of the employees, the propensity to export, and the company size (measured by the number of employees) have a significant and positive effect on a company's attitude towards innovation.
Previous studies have connected ownership structure with the propensity to export and export intensity (Fernandez & Nieto, 2006) and with new foreign investment (Singh & Gaur, 2013), among others.
Previous research based on Chinese firms (Lu et al., 2009) concluded that in a better institutional environment firms tend to have a higher propensity to export; but at the same time, higher ownership concentration makes principals and firms pursue goals different than only profit seeking.
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In the UK the scale of plants' innovation activity is also related positively to export propensity.
At the same time, the phenomenon of higher productivity has made the U.S. a more attractive place for other countries to invest their current account surpluses, the result of their greater propensity to save, export and accumulate foreign exchange reserves.
"EUROPE needs to import to export".
"You have to export.
China plans to export the chips too.
Negative values correspond to export.
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