This implies that different immigrant populations will have different retirement profiles, not only because individual retirement behavior differs, but also because variation in sending-country wages or price levels lead to differing propensities of return migration.
We thus hypothesize a direct negative effect of irregular legal status on migrants' propensity to return home for short visits because of the legal barrier to mobility inherent in irregular status.
The coefficients are significant in the OLS regressions, especially so in the model estimating the propensity to return, which indicates that I control for some of the differences between the migrants sampled and the actual immigrant stock.
These two instruments reflect the employment prospect and the overall prosperity of the U.S. VC industry, and should therefore affect venture capitalists' propensity to return.
We begin by first investigating whether the propensity to return to Mexico differs for Mexican immigrants across the three destinations using a somewhat modified version of the methodology applied by Van Hook, Passel, Bean, & Zhang (2006 12.
where ( overline{Y} ) denotes one of three outcomes related to home country preference – intentions to return, remittances sent and the propensity to return – for individual i, averaged over the first five years in which i is interviewed (for details on how I construct the average, see the next section on data and variables).
Men who marry after migration have a 3 percentage point lower propensity to return, all else equal.
Males have a larger propensity to return into a habitat patch in the butterfly Speyeria idalia[ 53].
While in Sweden, young immigrants with university degrees and high (adjusted mean) income have higher propensities to return (Nekby 2006).
Instead, the authors show that a model mixing the propensity of users to return to previously visited locations and a drift for exploration manages to reproduce characteristics present in their data but absent from traditional models.
Specifically, I exploit industry-level economic shocks in the United States which affect the propensity of Chinese talent to return to China as a venture capitalist, in a manner that is arguably similar to a change in China's remigration policy.
