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This marks the end of one complete switching and propagation cycle, and is immediately followed by the switching of GNR2.
During the propagation cycle, a nonradical species produced by a reaction of type (R13) may photolyze following (R12) to produce additional radicals; the photolysis is called a branching reaction as it accelerates (or "branches") the chain by augmenting the pool of radicals.
According to intermediates in the propagation cycle, TEs are classified into retrotransposons (Class I) and DNA transposons (Class II) [2].
Our results highlight the limitations of our understanding of the molecular processes involved at each step of the prion propagation cycle.
The current models of the prion propagation cycle, based mainly on studies of the [PSI+] prion, involve growth and division phases that are dependent on nucleating seeds.
This potentially labor intensive step was easily integrated into the normal phage propagation cycle merely by exploiting an F positive version of the birA over-expressing E. coli strain AVB100.
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Except for ZJ-DJ3, all samples were sequenced using full stages (including eggs, larvae and adults) in propagation cycles.
Assay points 1 7 were designated at the end of each of the seven sexual-asexual propagation cycles.
This material was mainly collected between the 1950s and 1990s and has undergone multiple propagation cycles ex situ.
Sequencing of this presumptive bottle isolate revealed it to be identical to the CBS1513 genome sequence, which has been kept in the CBS strain collection since 1947 with minimal propagation cycles.
These findings imply that subsp. spontaneum accessions obtained from genebanks, at least those that have been through several propagation cycles or exchanged between genebanks, are mostly not suitable to study phylogeographic patterns.
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