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The distance between two columns of dimple structures is larger because the collector width is irrelevant to the collector length, which prompts the ray-leakage-free propagating length can be raised greatly.
To increase the ray-leakage-free propagating distance, a mathematical model between ray-leakage-free propagating length and the corresponding parameters is established, where the corresponding parameters include the parabola coefficient, the width of collector, the concentrator height and the small expanding angle of the dimple structure.
The design structure of the coupling structure is a straightforward hemisphere instead of complicated structure in other concentrators because the emergent rays from the hybrid collectors have any tilt angle, which prompts the ray-leakage-free propagating length can be raised greatly.
At the same time, the effect on fracturing fluid leak-off of the fractured reservoir stress sensitivity coefficient, the pumping rate, and the propagating length of the fractures is analyzed.
Coupling the spontaneous emission from quantum wells into SP modes on metallic grating structures could enhance the internal quantum efficiency of conventional LEDs by more than twofold, and the relatively long propagating length of SPs in the green region could allow a narrow radiating angle and thus yield a threefold improvement in the extraction efficiency of radiation.
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Thus, here, a radius mismatch is introduced to provide unequal SPP wave propagating lengths for compositing the initial phase difference.
Thus, the initial phase difference between the two sides is compensated by the symmetry-breaking structure providing unequal SPP wave propagating lengths.
Open image in new window Fig. 6 The effect of different propagating lengths on fracturing fluid leak-off: a leak-off rate, b leak-off coefficient.
If a second stroke occurs, it begins with the appearance of a dart of light, perhaps 30 to 50 metres (100 to 160 feet) in length, propagating down the channel of the previous return stroke.
The dispersion curves of SWs propagating along the length (x direction) of the MCWs were calculated using the following procedures [12].
In dynamic testing, seven out of the eight configurations failed in a stable manner, with damage initiating at the bottom and propagating up the length of the tube in a splaying type failure mode.
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