The crack is assumed to propagate as soon as the stored energy around the crack tip reaches a critical value.
On surfaces cut parallel to the solidification direction in the underlying alloy, the spalls then propagate as strips across the material in the solidification direction, along the primary dendrites.
The amyloid of prions, as in CJD, is special in being highly infective because their fibres propagate as well as being self-templating [ 44].
When the horizontal principal stress difference is big, the main fracture surface is perpendicular to the laminae strike and the primary fractures will propagate as follows: run through the laminae, change their propagation direction dramatically on the laminar surface, and then run through the laminae.
Velocity-weakening behavior is known to accelerate slip propagation that is potentially unstable and may cause a rupture to propagate, as opposed to the self-stabilizing behavior of velocity-strengthening materials (e.g., Scholz 1998).
Thus, BSE prions were reported to propagate as vCJD-like or sCJD-like prion strains in tg35 mice, while propagation of vCJD in tg152 mice led to the appearance of a distinct strain phenotype [16], [17].
Confined to their own isolated realms, they had evolved to survive and propagate as their natural surroundings permitted.
These vibrations are governed by a wave equation, since the motion can propagate as a wave from one side of the object to the other.
But it is a tale conveniently fitting in with all the others about "hidden forces" and "mercenaries" that both the separatists and the government are keen to propagate as the violence escalates.
At any one point this movement may take place not at once but rather in irregular steps; these sudden slowings and restartings give rise to the vibrations that propagate as seismic waves.
"You can propagate as many narratives in parallel — they get some resonance; their pool of influence is enlarging with time, I feel — but it's not going to end the problem".
