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Associated with the geometrically necessary crack front branching, there are two possible break-through modes for a fatigue crack to propagate across a high-angle grain boundary.
The researchers have gotten a wave to propagate across a robot's body; that wave picks up the feet in a way that already resembles the foot motion of a real caterpillar.
The rupture was further promoted by the near-trench TP to propagate across a wide region, including the source areas of the M 7-class earthquakes and a surrounding conditionally-stable area.
For example, fractures forced to propagate across a thin sheet of anisotropic brittle material exhibit striking oscillations, and even kinks, around the spiral path expected in anisotropic materials [4 6].
When incident surface waves (R i ) propagate across a surface-breaking crack, the low-frequency components of the incident surface waves will transmit to the forward scattering field with attenuation (R tr ), while the high-frequency components will reflect back (R r ).
As a key feature, these physicochemical changes commencing at the gel/outer aqueous media interface can geometrically propagate across a macroscopic thickness of the gel layer and are, thus, able to transport the signal beyond the 'barrier' of the Debye length.
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That means a pollutant's impact can take a long time to propagate across an ecosystem.
For example, a single non-synonymous mutation, which would otherwise have minimal effect on the overall structure or function of the protein, could rapidly propagate across all repeats, resulting in a large-scale change in the properties of MRP that could lead to a decrease or loss of mate recognition between formerly compatible isolates.
Ultrasonic waves propagating across a grain boundary experience a change in velocity due to a change in crystallographic orientation relative to the ultrasonic propagation direction.
Therefore, the proposed percolation theory is tractable and useful in finding the probability that a flame front propagates across a spray element and for exploring the mechanism of the excitation of group combustion for non- or less-volatile fuel sprays.
Two types of twin are identified: (1) slip-assisted twins that nucleate at grain boundaries with no apparent influence from nearby twins, and (2) twin-assisted twins that result from twins propagating across a grain boundary.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com