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Proof Problem (3.11) is a special case of [[13], problem (1.1)] without time delays.
Additionally, we model an insurer or reinsurer that is subject to insolvency risk, which creates an incentive problem known as the judgment proof problem.
The corporate manager is assumed to act in the interests of shareholders and so the judgment proof problem yields a conflict of interest between shareholders and other stakeholders.
Proof Problem (1.1), (1.2) has a solution u = u ( t ) if and only if it solves the operator equation u = T 1 u.
Proof Problem (1.7) can be expressed as the following abstract parabolic problem with a small parameter: d u d t + O ε u = f ( t ), u ( 0 ) = a.
Proof Problem (1.1) has a solution x if and only if x solves the operator equation x = T x in K.
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"The proof problems will be enormous," said Paul Haagen, the co-director of the Center for Sports Law and Policy at Duke University.
For example, GRAMY system (Matsuda and VanLehn 2004) can solve complex problems by precisely describing the problem-solving knowledge required for geometric-proof problems, from which it generates high-quality guidance according to the learner's specific learning situation.
Proof Since Problem (2.1), (2.2) is equivalent to Problem (2.4), we need only to show that Problem (2.4) has a unique solution.
The proof for problem (1.4) is almost the same except that different boundary value conditions were used.
Section 3 is devoted to the proof that problem (1.1) has at least two solutions for λ sufficiently small.
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