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To investigate if TLR4 promoter variation might influence UTI susceptibility, we enrolled two highly selected, UTI prone study populations with a long history of either acute pyelonephritis (APN) or asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) in childhood (The clinical characteristics of patients and controls included in this study are provided in supplementary table 1 (Table S1)).
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Recognizing these patterns of adherence may enable more nuanced, more sophisticated, and less error-prone study within this population, compared with categorizing patients by levels of a static, predetermined, threshold measure such as PDC.
Therefore, we will give the utmost priority to high-quality evidence, when and where it exists, and will interpret with maximum caution, bias-prone studies and study designs.
The low rates are typical of highly automated genotyping while the higher rates represent smaller, more error-prone studies (Pompanon et al. 2005).
Several bias-prone studies of veterans with poorly characterized Agent Orange exposure reported an excess of prostate cancer, but such findings cannot reliably be attributed to an effect of Agent Orange/TCDD rather than confounding or bias.
RCTs are prone to study publication bias, but it has been shown that other types of studies are more prone to study publication bias [26].
This limitation may help explain the finding that a lack of substance use disorder was predictive of switching, because substance users are prone to study discontinuation rather than to switch medications [ 14, 51].
With its objective to move beyond the "hostile worlds" view that opposes "the social" and "the economic" (Zelizer, 2005), economic sociology is prone to studying the non-economic dimensions of monetary transactions.
Municipal officials from across the country have visited to learn how to control flood-prone areas, studying the work Duke Farms has done recontouring and replanting along 4.5 miles of the property that borders the Raritan River.
The limited number of CWD made the entire study prone to type II errors.
These made the study prone to selection bias.
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