Likewise, she spent a lot of time defending her ruling in the New Haven firefighter case, in which she approved the city's nullification of a promotion examination when it turned out that no African-Americans had made the grade.
The radio announced that the late William Heffernan, a deputy fire chief, had devised the complete & definitive plan for fighting just such a fire 42 years before in a promotion examination.
Last year's mandatory summer school for public school students who failed year-end promotion examinations was chaotic and poorly managed.
She took the promotion examinations for both sergeant major and lieutenant, placed first in both and in July, she became Lieutenant Rush-Kittle and an area commander in the Statewide Narcotics Task Force.
New York City's schools chancellor, Harold Levy, seems to have learned a great deal from the summer of 1999, when his predecessor, Rudy Crew, was rushed by City Hall into requiring students who failed year-end promotion examinations in math and reading to attend summer school.
The current controversy has its roots in a lawsuit filed in 2004 by a group of black firefighters who raised accusations of racial bias in the promotion examinations for firefighters.
Diana Senechal, a former New York City teacher, demonstrated this in an inventive fashion when she showed that anyone could pass New York's middle-school promotion examinations by simply ignoring the questions and answering, "A, B, C, D, A, B, C, D" in order.
He pointed to the smaller police academy class sizes, the universal civil rights training of troopers, the computerization of records, the improvements in minority recruitment and advancement, and the institution of a promotions examination, then reverted to his original theme.
The case, brought by white firefighters in New Haven who were denied promotions after an examination yielded no black firefighters eligible for advancement, featured claims of race discrimination on both sides.
Since official promotion was considered by examination degree as well as recommendation to office by a superior, a family that acquired a significant amount of sons-in-law of high rank in the bureaucracy ensured kinship protection and prestigious career options for its members.
In UNICEF programmes we want to know what children have learned in the classroom, how effective schools are, whether children are passing external (public) examinations for promotion and how children compare educationally with others at national and international levels.
