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These mobile stem-cell-promoting factors could, for example, be cytokinins, which during primary development—move from primary xylem precursor cells (marked with high levels of auxin signalling) to promote cell division in the neighbouring procambial cells58,59,60.
Required for normal growth and differentiation, cytokinins act, in conjunction with auxins, to promote cell division and to retard senescence, which, at least in its early stages, is an organized phase of metabolism and not just a breakdown of tissue.
Synthesized in roots, cytokinins move upward in the xylem (woody tissue) and pass into the leaves and fruits, where they are required for normal growth, for cell differentiation, and, in conjunction with auxin (another plant hormone), to promote cell division.
Tumour suppressor genes, like proto-oncogenes, are involved in the normal regulation of cell growth; but unlike proto-oncogenes, which promote cell division and differentiation, tumour suppressors restrain them.
GRAIN WIDTH8 (GW8/OsSPL16) encodes a positive regulator of cell proliferation which can be used to promote cell division and grain filling (Wang et al., 2012).
This study illustrates that elevated expression of OsNPF7.2 promotes up-regulation of crucial genes in cell cycle (Fig. 5d), which indicated that over-expression of OsNPF7.2 might promote cell division.
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The discussed mouse models indicate that apoptotic cells promote cell divisions of neighboring cells, a process that can be termed death-driven proliferation, but the underlying signaling events remain elusive.
Evidence for this possibility is the paradoxical involvement of MELK in promoting cell division and also cell death in C. elegans [12,21].
It was also demonstrated that higher expression of GW8/OsSPL16 resulted in enhanced rice grain width and yield due to promoted cell division and grain filling.
One such mutation, found in about 25% of acute leukemia patients, involves a gene known as FLT3, which encodes an enzyme called a kinase that usually promotes cell division in a controlled way.
To find out more about how RNAi works, a team led by biochemist Scott Hammond of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York picked double-stranded RNA known to interfere with a gene involved in promoting cell division.
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