The most prominent downstream effectors of mTORC1 include ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) which regulate the translation of ribosomal and cap-dependent proteins essential for cell growth and G1 to S cell cycle progression [ 24, 25].
In this pathway p73 is an important immediate downstream effector.
STAT3 is an important downstream effector of many cytokine-induced pathways which regulate IEC barrier function and mucosal wound healing68.
Moreover, plasma levels of miR-200c-3p miR-200c-3p miR-200c-3pctor and itswere significantly elevatedownstreameffectorniAngatIInts.
The ATR ATMM and Rad3-related) kinase and its downstream effector kinase, Chk1, are central regulators of the replication checkpoint.
Sayed, D. et al. MicroRNA-21 is a downstream effector of AKT that mediates its antiapoptotic effects via suppression of Fas ligand.
Zhang F, Luo Y, Shao Z, Xu L, Liu X, Niu Y, et al. MicroRNA-187, a downstream effector of TGFbeta pathway, suppresses Smad-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer.
Cytosolic DNA stimulates secretion of interferon-β by cancer cells following activation of the DNA sensor cGAS and its downstream effector STING.
Inhibition of the downstream effector Gli has also received much attention.
Ng T, Parsons M, Hughes WE, Monypenny J, Zicha D, Gautreau A et al. Ezrin is a downstream effector of trafficking PKC-integrin complexes involved in the control of cell motility.
