Activation of SAC by mechanical stretch depolarizes diastolic membrane potential, prolongs action potential duration (APD) and triggers spontaneous action potentials [53].
In particular, in vitro expanded adult, but not fetal, cardiac fibroblasts significantly deteriorated electrical and mechanical function of the co-cultured cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by slower action potential conduction, prolonged action potential duration, weaker contractions, higher tissue stiffness, and reduced calcium transient amplitude.
Mutations prolonging action potential duration (APD) cause enhancement of plateau Na+ current through one or more of the mechanisms described above.
The relatively long stopover periods enabled prolonged contact of migratory ducks with local domestic and wild bird populations or through shared water, thus prolonging the potential for virus transmission.
Although there is competition between effects of ranolazine on late INa and IKr, which also determines action potential duration, we have observed that ranolazine rather prolongs action potential in human atrial myocytes (Maier L, unpublished).
Moreover, ranolazine reversed abnormalities of repolarization (prolonged action potential duration, beat-to-beat variability, and dispersion of action potential duration and early afterdepolarizations) of ventricular myocytes from failing canine hearts [ 22].
Also the peak latency of the prolonged negative potential was significantly delayed in OPA1-M patients compared to the compound action potential latency calculated for both normally-hearing and hearing-impaired groups.
Results: Cardiac BPA exposure resulted in prolonged PR segment and decreased epicardial conduction velocity (0.1 100 μM BPA), prolonged action potential duration (1 100 μM BPA), and delayed atrioventricular conduction (10 100 μM BPA).
Smith also notes that due to its "relentless theme", "House of Cards might go down better in smaller portions and thus be enjoyably prolonged", deriding potential binge watchers as people who liken a delicacy to a "bag of M&M's".
In addition, an increased late INa prolongs action potential duration (APD) and promotes early afterdepolarizations (EADs).
