Psoriasis is less common than atopic dermatitis, affecting about 2 percent of the population, and is both a proliferative and an inflammatory disorder.
Chronic benign or malignant proliferative dermatoses involving the epidermis often have a rough warty surface caused by overproduction by the epidermal cells of keratin.
Inflammatory diseases of the dermis often evoke a secondary proliferative and scaly response in the epidermis.
Two general types of diabetic eye disease are known and are characterized as nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (which lacks abnormal blood vessel growth) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (in which abnormal blood vessels are present in the retina and sometimes the iris).
Among the hallmarks are: (1) increased proliferative activity, (2) evasion of growth suppression, (3) resistance to cell death, (4) acquired immortality, and (5) acquired ability to spread to and invade distant tissues and to stimulate angiogenesis (the formation of blood vessels).
In other types, such as the blue nevus, proliferative tissue is buried deep within the dermis, the lower layer of the skin.
The four phases of wound healing are inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, and late.
They are highly proliferative and are involved in the synthesis of collagen and other components of the extracellular matrix.
In the proliferative phase, the fibroblasts produce collagen that increases wound strength, new epithelial cells cover the wound area, and capillaries join to form new blood vessels.
If unchecked, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy can lead to worsened blood flow to the retina, more severe damage, and the appearance of new abnormal blood vessels on the optic disk, retina, and even iris (proliferative diabetic retinopathy).
Whereas the "stemness" of a cell in normal tissues is a stable characteristic, there is evidence that in cancer, stemness is less permanent and can be acquired or shed by proliferative tumour cells.
