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Thalamo-cortical projections targeting mostly the middle or superficial cortical layers have been reported for diverse thalamic nuclei [2], [11], [19], [21], [25], [62] [64].
PL-BLA inputs which target spines near the soma of BLA neurons elicit stronger EPSCs than projections targeting the dendrite [ 30].
In addition, the circuit exhibits a distinct feedback structure with projections targeting predominantly interneurons most notably from L2/3e to L4 and from L5e to L2/3.
On the other hand, the THy is traversed dorsoventrally by the hypophysotropic projections targeting the median eminence and neurohypophysis, and contains the massive tuberal and mamillary regions, as well as the evaginated optic vesicle and associated supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and retrochiasmatic neuronal formations.
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The predominantly contralateral responses observed in this study are expected as the vast majority of rat retinal projections target the contralateral hemisphere [1].
Future studies must therefore discern whether the sign of amygdala neurons' spatial selectivity predicts whether projections target excitatory or inhibitory neurons in visual cortex.
We showed through visualization and clustering that both the gene expression and the projection targets data demonstrated significant levels of spatial autocorrelation that needs to be accounted for in the integrative analysis.
Many of the hindbrain nuclei are heterogeneous, for instance, the inferior olive, pectoral and vagal motor nuclei contain neurons with different morphology, physiology and projection targets [4], [6], [29].
A subset of the highest-density projection targets is illustrated.
As MSN are GABAergic, and all three classes of opioid receptors (μOR, δOR and κOR) are coupled to inhibitory signal transduction pathways [ 337], they likely reinforce the inhibitory actions of MSN on their projection targets [ 338].
As previously reported, we found that dopamine neurons with distinct projection targets reside in different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Swanson, 1982; Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Lammel et al., 2008; Haber, 2014).
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