The cilia, which are microscopic hairlike projections from the surface cells, move constantly in a wavelike manner and propel the blanket of mucus down to the pharynx proper.
The numbers of NvElav1::mOrange+ cells in NvAth-like morphants and controls (Fig. 1I,J) were manually counted in maximum projections from the surface to the centre of planulae.
The disease is caused by defects in the formation of small projections from the surface of cells, called cilia, which are essential for signalling processes inside cells.
Long projections from the surface of cells were first described in 1945 by a classic study using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
The distance of the projection line from the surface is then defined as the minimum distance among those of the line sampling points: (4).
A single projection from the exposed surface of a cell, usually large and long, is called a flagellum.
Effectors include cilia (slender, hairlike projections from the cell surface), flagella (elongated, whiplike cilia), and other organelles associated with drawing in food or with locomotion.
After the obstacles are located and removed from the disparity map, most of the remaining pixels are projections from the road surface.
In marine and freshwater gastropods, respiration takes place as water currents pass across the gill surfaces within the mantle cavity in most species with spiral shells, across gill elements along the sides of the bodies in most limpets, or through projections from the body surface in sea slugs or other taxa with reduced shells.
Normal cilia are cylindrical projections from the apical surface of the mucosal columnar epithelial cells, anchored by intracellular basal bodies.
