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The cells were subjected to α-factor gradients for 5 h, and for the projection directional accuracy measurements, cells located in the middle regions 4 and 5 were assessed (L mid = 0.5·(Lmax + Lmin), L slp = 0.0025·(Lmax - Lmin) μm-1).
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More precise determination of the mating projection direction was aided by using the fluorescent dye ConA-Alexa-488 to label the growing projection; this dye did not perturb the directional sensing (Supporting Information, Fig. S2).
These patterns were interpreted as directional information on projections, for example, 'forward', 'backward' and 'lateral' (Rockland and Pandya 1979; Felleman and Van Essen 1991), and hierarchical rankings were constructed as to fit projection directions with a minimal number of constraint violations (Hilgetag et al. 1996, 2000b; Reid et al. 2009).
MW-MUSIC algorithm exploits this idea by carrying out the projection of directional vector on the estimated noise subspace.
Open image in new window Figure 3 Projections of directional dependence of (a) Young's and (b) shear modulus in different planes for BaN.
Open image in new window Figure 2 Projections of directional dependence of (a) Young's and (b) shear moduli in different planes for SrN.
Open image in new window Figure 1 Projections of directional dependence of (a) Young's and (b) shear moduli in different planes for CaN.
We tested the directional projection formation of BAR1+ (Fig. 3A) and bar1Δ (Fig. 3B) cells over three different gradient ranges in which the upper concentration was varied: 0 10 nM, 0 100 nM and 0 1000 nM.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the dataset revealed a directional projection, on the first principle component (PC1), of metabolic changes governed by the developmental process in both cultivars; namely PC1 explained the largest variance (82.96%, Figure 4A).
Similarly, complementary directional projections from canals in different clusters may be integrated centrally to provide omnidirectional information during processing of electric information.
In contrast, distinct directional projections on the PCA plot of the two cultivars samples towards maturation when using the specialized metabolite profiles were apparent, suggesting a cultivar-dependent regulation of the specialized metabolism.
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