That law prohibits causing the "introduction or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce of any food, drug, device, tobacco product, or cosmetic that is adulterated or misbranded".
The paradigm cases of moral precepts involve rules that prohibit causing harm directly or indirectly, such as rules prohibiting killing, causing pain, deceiving, and breaking promises.
The only obligations in the moral life, apart from duties encountered in professional roles and other specific stations of duty, are captured by moral rules that prohibit causing harm or evil.
That is, he embraces rules that prohibit causing harm to other persons, even though he rejects all principles or rules that require helping other persons, which includes acting to prevent harm to them.
The Hague Convention of 1907 (Section 23c) prohibits causing "unnecessary suffering".
He couched his advice in traditional Jewish law, saying that the production of shtreimels disregards the law which prohibits causing animals needless pain (tza'ar ba'alei chayim).
The Tallinn Manual addresses cyberweapons within this framework, suggesting that they are prohibited from causing "unnecessary suffering" to combatants if military objectives are not furthered by their use (Schmitt, 2013: 143).
Turning to the matter of what constitutes severe mental pain, the memo notes that the statute prohibits torture caused by mind-altering substances, which the authors take to mean drugs.
If one were to assume that it is absolutely prohibited to cause the death of a human being, then it would not be permissible to kill an aggressor in self-defense, to sacrifice one's life to protect others, to hasten death as a side effect of administering sedation for intractable pain, or to endanger non-combatants in warfare.
a) a minimum age of 20 years, b) at least 1 year of documented heroin addiction, c) not expelled from another maintenance program during the past three months, d) contact with social services, e) a current drug-free living environment f) an employment contract on starting treatment and g) agreement to the rule that any use of narcotics or non-prescription drugs is prohibited and causes discharge.
