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The overall result, he claimed, has led to "arbitrary and capricious results with improperly lenient treatment for certain athletes presumed positive for performance enhancing drugs and with most athletes receiving such light punishments, or no punishments, as to encourage the use of prohibited performance enhancing drugs or doping methods".
One of the fundamental challenges in anti-doping is identifying athletes who use, or are at risk of using, prohibited performance enhancing substances.
In this, athletes interviewed considered prohibited performance enhancing substances as cheating but acceptable enhancers as essential.
Of the 82 athletes, 12 (14.6%) reported having personal experience with prohibited performance enhancing substances, one with therapeutic use exemption.
For self-report measure of doping behaviour, athletes were asked whether they have ever used a prohibited performance enhancing substance.
Eight hair samples were positive for stanozolol and two for EPO, giving a 12% prevalence rate for prohibited performance enhancing substance use in the sample.
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Modafinil is not listed among prohibited performance-enhancing drugs, but is considered a related substance.
He also said that there was no proof that THG was a steroid and produced prohibited performance-enhancing effects.
The league cited his "use and possession of numerous forms of prohibited, performance-enhancing substances" over many years.
Asked whether Conte had admitted or denied providing prohibited performance-enhancing substances to athletes, Holley declined to comment.
It is bad enough being a New York Yankees follower, now that Alex Rodriguez is finally discredited for, in the words of Major League Baseball, "use and possession of numerous forms of prohibited, performance-enhancing substances".
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