The adaptations to the LWWCOPD programme were informed by focus groups, current practice, relevant research and guideline documents.
This programme was informed by the early work on self-efficacy by Bandura [ 16] and included the patient as an active participant in the management of their illness.
For example our understanding of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the current UK Breast Cancer Screening programme is informed by modelling [ 14, 15].
Development of the intervention, subsequently named the 'Talking Diabetes' programme, was informed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating (non-pharmacological) interventions [ 27, 28].
All modifications to the LWWCOPD programme were informed by focus groups, current practice, relevant research and guideline documents [ 1- 4, 7, 16- 19].
This aspect of the programme was informed by the institutional capability assessment model used by the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) which was adapted to examine the specific organizational and individual competences of the Ministry of Health in Kazakhstan.
The programme was informed by motivational interviewing and promoted a guiding consulting style to explore and support opportunities to change health related behaviours, which may lead to improved metabolic control.
While the ED programme in our study derived from development work with stakeholders, future programmes more informed by theoretical models of how to effect behaviour change (e.g. the COM-B system proposed by Michie and colleagues [ 39]) also warrant evaluation.
But he indicates that UNICEF's programmes are informed by the experience gained in loud emergencies.
Ministries of health in these countries are in the process of rolling out community-based newborn care programmes that were informed by the pilot programmes described here (22– 25), and the amount of external implementation support varies within and across countries.
