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Patient understanding and interpretation of the prognostic questions presented in the questionnaire is also unclear.
For prognostic questions, all the population has the condition/disease and the aim is to determine what factors will predict an outcome for that population (eg survival) [ 2].
The frequency of responses to the prognostic questions were described and the association with sociodemographic, presenting pain complaint, and psychosocial variables explored using logistic regression.
For example, systematic reviews are now conducted to investigate cost effectiveness, 37 diagnostic 38 or prognostic questions, 39 genetic associations, 40 and policy making.
The methods for conducting systematic reviews of studies regarding prognostic questions itself are still in development, as well as a system for rating the quality of a body of evidence.
Responses to the first two prognostic questions were summarised as simple frequencies Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the role of sociodemongraphic status, characteristics of the presenting pain complaint, and psychosocial variables as determinants of recalled prognostic discussion and perceived importance.
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Reasons for a positive rating of the future relevance of pathology included the relevance of pathology to medicine and especially for oncologic therapy planning, the individualisation of therapies with the need for very specific pathologic diagnoses and the future importance of molecular pathology to answer prognostic and predictive questions.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: B = Baseline Questionnaire; 3FU = 3-month Follow-up Questionnaire HAD = Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale; SF-36 = Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-item health status instrument † Contains duplicate of brief prognostic assessment question.
The difficulty is not with the study designs or the ranking of the study designs, but rather with distinguishing between an aetiological and prognostic research question – and thus correct use of the relevant hierarchy.
For diagnostic or prognostic problems, the question is whether these systems have been able to predict more accurately than human experts.
Negative data in cross-sectional analyses of the same serological and histological parameters draw a close connection of these prognostic items into question [ 36].
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