Our group and others have investigated urine in the search for novel molecular targets of potential use in the clinical setting from a diagnosis or prognosis point of view in the context of cardiovascular disease [ 17].
When all cases were included, p16 correlated well with prognosis (point estimate of HR for death 0.24, 95% CI 0.15-0.39), as did ISH (0.27, 95% CI 0.16-0.46) and GP5+/6+ PCR (0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.47), allhough all were slightly inferior to the composite definition of HPV-positivity (0.22, 95% CI 0.13-0.37), ano no test performed significantly better than another.
Despite remarkable advances in cancer research and in neurosurgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, these patients still face a poor prognosis, pointing towards an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches [ 2].
But, taken together, recent prognoses point to one conclusion: even a short war will prove fairly costly, while a messy one could deal the economy a severe blow.
These aspects are particularly critical in consideration that the great majority of miRNAs are only weakly associated with prognosis, and point towards the need to take them into account when molecular-prognostic studies are carried out.
The score includes only four options: good prognosis (0 points), poor long-term prognosis (> 6 months) with unlimited ICU readmission (1 point), poor short-term prognosis (< 6 months) with debatable ICU readmission (2 points), and death expected during hospitalisation with ICU readmission not recommended (3 points).
Despite the bleak prognosis, Unesco points out that there are ways to remedy the situation.
The presence of tumor cells after therapy was associated with an extremely poor prognosis and pointed to a heterogeneous response to treatment.
Nonetheless, del(17p) in the absence of mutated TP53 and vice versa has also a negative effect on prognosis, which points that monoallelic inactivation of TP53 may be enough for resistance to treatment and clonal selection [ 63, 64].
If a tumor has a good prognosis at one point (e.g. before it has metastasized) and a bad prognosis later (e.g. after it has metastasized), then prognostic features associated with metastasis cannot be used to determine a new class of tumor.
The duration of symptoms was shorter if the doctor was perceived to be positive about diagnosis and prognosis (continuous 7 point scale: 0.91, 0.84 to 0.99; P=0.021) and longer when the woman had frequent somatic symptoms (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05, P=0.002; for each symptom), a history of cystitis, urinary frequency, and more severe symptoms at baseline.
