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'Karadzhandal' and 'Late Vavilov' have a first-degree parent progeny relationship with each other and were placed in the same clade.
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A likelihood-based method that determines potential parent progeny relationships without any prior knowledge revealed four first-degree relationships.
Four first-degree parent progeny relationships were discovered among the hermaphroditic powdery mildew resistant cultivars, supporting the existence of intentional grape breeding efforts.
The fact that many of the parent progeny relationships discovered here involved crosses of two self-pollinating hermaphroditic parents further supports the existence of grape breeders and their intentional hybridization efforts.
Parent-progeny relationship experiments demonstrated that all luminal progenitor populations in both species are highly plastic and, at low frequencies, can generate progeny representing all mammary cell types.
The phylogenetic position of the isolates and the length of the respective branches did not indicate a direct parent-progeny relationship between them, but rather that the acquisition of these genes had occurred independently form the ancestor viruses.
'Vassarga tchernaia' was conclusively identified as the female parent of 'Kishmish vatkana'; it also shared a parent-progeny relationship with 'Sochal' although the direction of the cross is unknown.
There were four parent-progeny relationships identified in this study; two involved the previously published powdery mildew resistant accessions.
The probability of identity (PI), probability of exclusion (PE) and LOD likelihood ratios for potential parent-progeny relationships were calculated with FAMOZ software [ 61].
The third objective was to unravel potential parent-progeny relationships using kinship analysis to broaden the family of powdery mildew resistant cultivars for use by grape breeders.
In an attempt to establish parent-progeny relationships between the different populations described in Figure 1A, we sorted the different luminal cell populations and seeded them into in vitro and in vivo assays.
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