The key point is that during the profit squeeze that follows deregulation, capital markets often close for new funding because of low industry profitability.
Negative rates can stimulate the economy by lowering the interest rates that commercial banks charge on loans, but they can also hurt bank profitability by squeezing deposit spreads.
The main shadow on the horizon was a concern that rising import costs would squeeze profitability.
Like other big oil companies Total has been under pressure from shareholders to cut costs and raise dividends as rising costs in the industry and weaker oil prices squeeze profitability.
Lower fares may squeeze profitability, but Mr Amaro reckons he can offset that by spreading fixed costs across increased traffic and, next year, introducing two classes on Brazil's domestic routes.Managing such swift expansion will be tricky, especially now that Mr Amaro's profitable base in Congonhas is threatened by rivals.
But, he said, labor, insurance and property taxes are going up as well, squeezing profitability.
Profitability is being squeezed, too, as high-yielding legacy loans are replaced by lower-yielding, less risky assets.
Excess capacity, a worldwide phenomenon today, squeezes profitability, and mergers are a popular means of reducing capacity.
In more detail, Berenberg says: Store estate is squeezing profitability: Next Retail like for like sales have been negative in all but one of the last five years.
Fujitsu and other Japanese electronics makers have been hard hit by squeezed profitability stemming from deflation as well as the burst of the information technology (IT) bubble.
For some businesses, the consequences of adding new equipment without subtracting the old will be a meaningfully reduced level of corporate profitability or a squeezing out of important IT initiatives.
