Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(2)
Exact(3)
Second-half profit was calculated by subtracting first-half profit from 1997 earnings.
The profit was calculated with inventory valued at its replacement cost.
For the purposes of this study, the operating profit was calculated as earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) – the difference between revenue and expense from the normal agro-industrial project activities, not including the effects of interest and taxes.
Similar(57)
The £2.2bn profit is calculated on a "combined business basis" and does not cover the £500m provision for payments to 600,000 mortgage customers potentially misled by Halifax.
BP's profit is calculated on a replacement-cost basis, taking into account the cost of replacing BP's reserves at current oil prices and stripping out exceptional items.
Agricultural profit is calculated for three farming system phases (cereals, legumes, and grazing) by census zones based on agricultural statistics and cost of production information within a GIS environment.
The profit is calculated based on the profit metric defined in "Performance metrics" section and the parameters used as shown in Table 3; based on the VM pricing offered by Amazon EC2 pricing1.
In contrast, a CCCTB would imply that a single taxable profit is calculated for the whole multinational enterprise and assigned to different countries using a predefined formula including relative amount of turnover, payroll and assets (formulary apportionment).
Since the total user cost incurred by the client enterprise is also the earnings for the intermediary enterprise provider (broker), the broker profit is calculated using the following equation: mathbf{Broker}kern0.17em mathbf{profit}left(mathbf{BP}right)=mathbf{Total}kern0.17em mathbf{User}kern0.17em mathbf{Cost}left(mathbf{UC}right -mathbf{Broker}kern0.17em mathbf{UC}right -mathbf{Broker}kern0.17em
The profit is calculated using: p r o f i t=i n c o m e F r o m V M s−(e n e r y C o s t+o v e r a l l V i o l a t i o n C o s t).
Thus, the annual profit is calculated as follows: Z P, Q, r = D P − C − DA Q − h r + Q 2 − D π − D 2 π + h λ 2 Q e − rλ D − e − r + Q λ D. Open image in new window (9).
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com