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When a teacher is not able to write accurately, he or she cannot help learners improve their writing proficiency.
Also, the comparison of the contributions of knowledge tests (linguistic and metaknowledge) vis-a-vis speed of processing, showed that speed of processing, although correlated to writing proficiency, had almost no unique contribution in predicting writing proficiency in L1 and L2.
As the results indicate, a DA approach of writing proficiency to Iranian EFL learners proves to be useful in uncovering the underlying traits.
Of particular interest is the potential use of measures of vocabulary recognition knowledge as a tool for identifying learners who may lack the needed written English proficiency to undertake tertiary studies in English medium institutions in this context.
"The officials will have to take an exam to show their proficiency," Peter Piatetsky wrote, "And keep taking it, until they pass".
Proficiency in reading, writing, speech understanding, and comprehension was estimated on a 10-point scale from 1 (very low proficiency) to 10 (very high proficiency).
The questionnaire was structured to test the students' proficiency in writing an auscultation report.
Therefore, Criterion® holistic scores seem to be an indicator of L2 general proficiency or writing proficiency in L2 use settings.
We hope this study triggers more research on teachers' writing proficiency and writing assessment literacy which is currently under-researched.
The last section of the questionnaire asked teachers how they improve their proficiency, especially writing skill.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com