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With this system, a large pool of teachers are asked to identify students they believe are proficient in a given subject; those students are then tested, and their grades stand as the proficiency range.
This study was guided by three research questions (RQs): RQ1: To what extent are the statistical characteristics of the test appropriate for assessing pragmatic comprehension ability among learners with a relatively wide proficiency range?
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None speak English as a first language and their levels of English proficiency ranged from extremely limited to reasonably fluent in conversational English.
Measures of general intellectual functioning (Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices Ravenn et al. 1992) and reading proficiency (Wide Range Achievement Tests-3; Wilkinson 1993) were taken at the time of the first (baseline visit).
Among fourth-graders, math proficiency levels ranged from 74percentt, at Public School 92, to 90percentt at P.S. 16 — versus 80percentt citywide.
Their scores on the two sections of the proficiency test ranged from 450 to 550 and the writing scores were beyond 3.5.
The return to destination language proficiency actually ranges from zero at the bottom quantiles to 30% at the top quantile of the earning distribution.
Eighty English-as-a foreign language learners, whose proficiency level ranged from beginner to intermediate, were randomly assigned into explicit-only feedback, implicit-only feedback, mixed feedback, reduced-explicit feedback and no-feedback control groups.
This paper reports on a recent project to define the construct of reading-into-writing ability for designing a suite of integrated tasks at four proficiency levels, ranging from CEFR A2 to C1.
This research examines how undergraduates rate their current proficiency in a range of soft skills, and how do they perceive its importance for future employment.
The first was a test of reading proficiency – the Wide Range Achievement Test – Revised (WRAT-R [ 38]), which is widely used as a putative measure of premorbid intellectual functioning [ 39- 41].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com