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Language proficiency indicators were then added via stepwise regression, and the total variance explained by the whole model was 20%%.
Therefore, all four variables were excluded and the regression was performed again with only language proficiency indicators via stepwise regression.
A series of independent t tests showed that, compared to undergraduate participants, graduate participants' performance on all five language proficiency indicators were significantly superior.
What do Korean and English language proficiency indicators add to the contribution of traditional and psychological predictors of academic success? 3.
Graduate credit hours earned were predicted by all three Korean proficiency indicators: the TOPIK total score, self-perceived Korean proficiency, and the length of previous Korean study.
Self-perceived Korean proficiency was found to be the only significant predictor among language proficiency indicators, accounting for an additional 6%%.
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This would mean that all those researchers that use or have used them as the only proficiency indicator (see Table 1) might not be too wrong after all.
This information, along with patient-specific variables (Dutch language proficiency, SES-indicators, religion, health literacy, and cultural distance to the Dutch healthcare system) are obtained in the patient self-assessment questionnaire.
53 % of the interviewed informants (n = 10) said that they regarded the certificates not only as proof of English proficiency, but also as indicators of positive attributes such as diligence and discipline.
The first two lines of Table 2 report some basic descriptive statistics for the indicators of proficiency in literacy and numeracy for the pooled sample of all PIAAC participating countries.
Our analysis revealed a number of compelling findings - including a clear link between English proficiency and key economic indicators like Gross National Income (GNI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the Human Development Index (HDI).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com