Additionally, it measures not only knowledge of vocabulary and grammar but also language proficiency including the sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic aspects of language use.
The determinants investigated included gender, age, prior academic performance, academic self-efficacy, effort regulation, and especially Korean and English language proficiency including TOPIK scores, self-perceived Korean and English proficiency, and the length of previous Korean and English study.
This was lower than expected, but the degree of correlations were similar to Weigle (2011), which had mostly low correlations (r = .15 to.42) between automated scores and L2 nontest indicators of L2 proficiency, including self-assessment scores.
This study investigated the key determinants of Chinese students' academic success in Korean universities, including gender, age, prior academic performance, academic self-efficacy, and especially Korean and English language proficiency including the TOPIK scores, self-perceived Korean and English proficiency, and the length of previous Korean and English study.
Age of acquisition is known to have strong effects on representations [36], [37], though it appears to affect different linguistic constructs than proficiency, including phonology, morphology, and syntax [20], [37], [38].
A Korean Chinese translator with trilingual proficiency (including Japanese) translated the materials from Japanese into both Chinese and Korean.
Additionally, CACP also improved English proficiency, including listening, speaking and reading and writing of medical terminology, charts and nursing shift reports.
An instrument for assessment of clinical TTE technical proficiency including a global rating score and a checklist score has previously shown reliability and validity in a standardised setting.
Findings from a systematic review of 36 published studies suggest that access to professional health interpreters or bilingual providers improves communication, quality of care and clinical outcomes in patients with limited English proficiency; including those with diabetes [ 12].
All three Korean proficiency indicators, including the TOPIK total score, self-perceived Korean proficiency and the length of previous Korean study, were significant predictors of graduate credit hours earned.
