In "The Wealth of Nations," which appeared in 1776, Adam Smith argued that while professional specialization broadened the economic activity of a society, it narrowed the lives of workers themselves.
The growing complexity of the built environment requires increased professional specialization to master each one of the many issues involved in designing buildings.
This means that alienation (for instance, the alienation brought about by excessive professional specialization) must be understood as the socially induced incapacity of individuals to participate in the "species being" or the social totality.
In connection with these two entities, special courses can be focused on lifelong learning that contribute to the extension of the knowledge of a civil engineer, on the one hand, and to increasing the supply of professional specialization in the labour market on the other hand.
While science was developing in the direction of professional specialization and alongside the rise of materialism, Maxwell held on to conservative intellectual outlook, but one that included a rich scientific life and held science as part of a rich intellectual, cultural and material life.
It's there that I perceive their professional specialization!
Education served new masters as the demands of a growing, industrializing economy forced it to adapt to new industrial work rhythms and the beginnings of professional specialization.
AAC became an area of professional specialization; a 1981 American Speech-Language-Hearing Speech-Language-Hearing Speech-Language-Hearing Associationa field of position for spaper-language pathologists.
Professional specialization has resulted in health systems that are rife with structural holes.
Apparently, despite the requirements for professional specialization, a combined view on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolics and clinical requirements [ 164] is needed.
