Kavanagh cites a chilling K.G.B. file from 1962 discussing methods to lessen Nureyev's "professional skills," including directives to "break one or both" of his legs.
Against the background of the normative orientation towards (reproductive) autonomy, including neutral or "non directive" professional behaviour, MHPs might consider that they are not "allowed" to interfere with patients' biographic preferences or to raise concerns about parenthood - even in cases where they have severe doubts as to patients' ability to provide adequate care for their children.
In order to respect Japanese patients' preferences, it might be important to implement flexible processes and practices that are able to accommodate patients' preferences as well as nursing homes and medical professionals needs regarding advance directives and surrogate decision making.
Thus, in this survey active involvement of the drug manufacturer in the study seems to be associated with more accurate citation of study findings and more directive and professional marketing.
Depending on the way school leaders communicate and implement this directive from the MOE, teachers may even perceive this as a compulsion as opposed to the ideal of self-directed professional learning.
Further, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights has reported that "Following [Nasser Khalifa's] directives more than 150 professional athletes, coaches and referees were subjected to arbitrary arrests, night raids, detention, abuse and torture by electric cables and other means".
Wainwright neglects to mention the risk entailed by the EU directive on recognition of professional qualifications currently under review in Brussels, which may try to impose a one size fits all structure on the whole continent.
According to the Directive, recognition of the professional qualification may be granted without consideration of the appropriate language skills.
When work processes and/or clinical practice are found to be incompatible with existing directives or best evidence, professionals may be asked to change their practices.
This account places the healthcare professional in a more traditional and directive role as an educator and emphasises the importance of communicating knowledge as the route to improving lifestyles (see Figure 3).
