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Total oxidation of the relatively few products of phase II occurs in a cyclic sequence of chemical reactions known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, or the Krebs cycle, after its discoverer, Sir Hans Krebs; it represents phase III of energy release from foods.
The products of phase I metabolism are then acted upon by phase II enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases (GSTs).
DNA damage response is a major functional term under DNA metabolic process and is possibly due to direct damage by the chemicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced as side products of phase I metabolizing enzymes such as CYPs.
We observed products of phase I reactions (aldicarb-sulfone, chlorpyrifos-oxon, hydroxy-carbofuran), the products of phase I and subsequent phase II reactions (naphtol-sulfate) and products of phase II reactions directly from the parent molecule (2,4-dichlorophenol-sulfate, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol-sulfate, 4-nitrobenzyl-alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl-conjugate, and pentachlorophenol-conjugate).
Given a chemical of interest, PROXIMAL applies the transformation patterns represented in the look-up tables to generate possible products of Phase I and/or Phase II reactions.
Phase II enzymes convert the products of phase I metabolism into amphiphilic anionic conjugates that are water soluble and include glutathione transferases, UDP-glucuronyl transferases, and sulfotransferases.
Similar(52)
Therefore, CSF as a by-product of phase hardening brought about by repetitive γ-ε-γ transformations can be removed in the process of annealing.
Sometimes the end product of phase one detoxification is more dangerous than the compound being detoxified.
In phase II, the by-products of phase I are conjugated with hydrophilic substances to increase water-solubility which facilitates their excretion [ 6].
Like hydroxy-carbofuran, this is the product of a phase I reaction, whereas naphtol-sulfate is the product of phase I and subsequent phase II reaction of carbaryl.
As a by-product of phasing, SLRP outputs the inferred IBD relationships between the phased haplotypes.
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