Research and development (R&D), the hunt for new ideas, products and processes, enhances productivity and generates well-paid jobs.
Artists quickly started helping themselves to industrial products and processes.
Engelhard Corporation is a surface and materials science company that develops technologies to improve customers' products and processes.
"Platinum group metals and rare-earth metals have many applications in a wide range of products and processes," says Sermon.
Many industries used nanoscale products and processes decades before the term nanotechnolgy became a recognized concept on Wall Street.
It goes through a constant process of discombobulation as entrepreneurs invent new products and processes.
One is the need for incessant innovation and refinement of new products and processes.
It is a matter of redesigning products and processes to cut out unnecessary costs.
The OECD defines green chemistry as "the design, manufacture and use of efficient, effective, safe and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes".
Some strict constructionists, like Mr. Asensio, would also exclude from the nanotech category products and processes developed before the rise of research in nanotechnology.
Taking this as a starting point, the next question becomes: what has the chemical industry done to make its products and processes safer?
