Lastly, DNA shuffling and recombination-dependent PCR both produce counter-productive variants such as parental sequences and have chimeras that are over-represented in a library, respectively.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08378.019 10.7554/eLiFigure7 figureigure 7—figure supplement 2. Effect of TFEα/β mutant variants on productive transcription on the Rpo5 promoter.
Despite the extensive and productive research on genetic variants and association with overall breast cancer risk, the regulatory pathway underlying parity-associated breast carcinogenesis and the genetic variants conferring susceptibility to parity-dependent risk of breast cancer remain poorly understood.
(E ) Effect of TFEα/β mutant variants (3 µM) on productive transcription on the T6 promoter.
One productive approach to identifying additional susceptibility variants is through fine-mapping of regions known to harbour susceptibility alleles.
These quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping techniques have been successful in identifying regions of the genome that control phenotypic variation, but have been less productive when it comes to the identification of causative functional DNA variants or, more importantly, how these variants act at the molecular level to drive phenotypes [1].
The use of mutagenesis in invertebrates to generate phenotypic variants has a long and productive history.
For both the Israeli and the UW populations, FGF2 variants were associated with fat yield and percentage, somatic cell score, and productive life with significant dominance and complete dominance effects.
The octuple variants, A13I-S25R-M27A-L29P-S31A-A40H-F50K-V52T and A13I-S25K-M27A-L29R-S31E-A40K-F50Q-V52Q, are parthanlarly productive having greater than a five fold increase in final purification yield over the parent.
Thus, superficial contact may occur frequently between bats and terrestrial mammals (including humans), but may be unlikely to result in a productive infection unless L. noctivagans and P. subflavus variants are involved (the increased infectivity hypothesis).
When we repressed the Am-tra2 gene by injecting higher amounts of dsRNAs (33 pg) into female embryos, we also observed a reduction of the productive female and the nonproductive male fem splice variants.
