This may indicate that Criterion® holistic scores tend to assess more productive aspects of proficiency than receptive aspects.
Taken together, the survey and test data suggest that studying for the IELTS Test resulted in a greater focus on productive skills, with evidence of an increase in proficiency in speaking, particularly at lower initial levels of proficiency.
Assuming that all of the six sections in the two tests are measuring a single construct, a question one could ask is, in order to assess learners' English proficiency, do receptive skills and productive skills need to be measured separately?
As the leaders increased their proficiency in the essentials, they were more productive in their work and created a positive, energizing environment.
Dehydration is commonly observed amongst athletes [11 14] and manual workers (e.g. military, fire fighters and labourers) [15], who rely upon physical and mental proficiencies to compete or train at elite levels and remain productive in the workforce.
Though we can be taught just about anything, we are most engaged and productive when doing the things we enjoy where we can demonstrate proficiency.
For example, the two factors of receptive skills and productive skills (first-order factors) are connected with another factor of L2 proficiency newly added on the right (Fig. 4; please note that the lines are single arrow-headed this time).
As discussed above, this could be traced back to the difficulties learners experienced and the fact that they could not gain high levels of proficiency in language as well as not acquiring native-like productive skills as a result of unresolved errors made by learners in communication in classrooms (Shamsudin et al. 2012).
We can quibble about fruit all day, but a more productive response would be to recommit to the principle that 15 (or 17 percentt proficiency just isn't good enough, no matter where you live.
Reaching baseline proficiency means having attained the skills necessary for the effective and productive participation in an English-speaking society.
Thus, scores derived from Criterion® seem sufficiently sensitive to reflect changes in students' writing proficiency in relation to L2 writing and other instruction of receptive and productive skills (see Instructions for details).
