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This study was designed to determine the effects of twinning on the subsequent reproductive performance and productive lifespan of high milk-producing dairy cows.
As an economic implication of our findings, we suggest that twin embryo reduction at the moment of pregnancy diagnosis could be a profitable strategy to cut twinning rates and abolish their detrimental effects on subsequent reproductive performance and productive lifespan.
Kaplan-Meier survival curves for productive lifespan differed between primiparous twinners and non-twinners (P < 0.001), and between secundiparous twinners and nontwinners having at least two lactations (P = 0.017).
Further, mean productive lifespan was almost 300 days shorter for primiparous twinners (N = 48, 602 ± 493 days) than for nontwinners (N = 2592; 899 ± 581 days; P < 0.01), and 200 days shorter for secundiparous twinners (N = 126, 914 ± 429 days) than for nontwinners undergoing at least two lactations (N = 1936, 1101 ± 522 days; P < 0.01).
Understanding the strategy adopted by LP females to achieve a long productive lifespan was only possible by evaluating the females' responses in constrained conditions.
Rubber trees start yielding latex after reaching 5 7 years of maturity and have a productive lifespan of 25 30 years.
Similar(49)
Overall, the gross margin for this crop could vary between circa £324 hand and £632 ha−1 a year, with establishment costs spread over a lifespan of 19 productive years.
The longevity revolution, which has added 50percenttoto life expectancy over the last century -- and continues to add years to the average lifespan -- has spawned an elderly population that is growing at an accelerated rate, far outstripping the younger productive workforce.
More productive.
Very productive.
— more productive.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com