Schulze, A., Mills, K., Weiss, T. S. & Urban, S. Hepatocyte polarization is essential for the productive entry of the hepatitis B virus.
Correlation of Env surface clustering with the viral entry efficiency revealed coupling between the viral interior and exterior: Rearrangements of the inner protein lattice facilitated the alteration of the virus surface in preparation for productive entry.
More recently, however, productive infection by pH-independent, clathrin-dependent endocytosis of HIV-1 has also been reported and was recently suggested to constitute the only route of productive entry.
Together, these functional validation results and correlative analysis of human tissues support the thesis that integrated genomic and pathological analyses of staged melanomas provide a productive entry point for discovery of melanoma metastases genes.
Several viruses from the alphavirus genus (e.g. SFV) require Rab5-positive early endosomes but not a functional Rab7-positive late endosomal compartment for productive entry and infection [52], [53].
3 Schulze, A., Mills, K., Weiss, T. S. & Urban, S. Hepatocyte polarization is essential for the productive entry of the hepatitis B virus.
Productive entry of the HCV lipoviral particle into hepatocytes occurs in a coordinated manner and involves initial binding to glycosaminoglycans and the high-density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1).
HSV entry relies on viral surface glycoproteins gB, gC, gD, gH/gL for attachment and fusion with productive HSV entry dependent on gB and gC binding to negatively charged heparin sulfate present on cell surface proteoglycans [39].
Productive HIV entry is dependent on gp120 binding to CD4 and chemokine receptors [15], [38].
The single-spliced mRNA encodes Env, the virus envelope glycoprotein which interacts with cellular receptors and which is essential for productive viral entry.
Whereas HBV first attaches to hepatocytes mainly through heparan sulfate (Schulze et al., 2007; Leistner et al., 2008), our data demonstrate that the interaction between NTCP and L protein of HBV is highly specific, and NTCP is crucial for productive viral entry of hepatocytes.
