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In many cases, crossbreeding between a local breed and a more productive breed leads to the disappearance of the specific features and adaptive traits of the local breed.
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In livestock, cross-breeding local populations with more productive breeds has in some cases led the first to lose their specific characteristics and adaptive traits such as disease resistance, adaptation to a specific climate or harsh conditions (Taberlet et al. 2008).
Individual farmers throughout the world are abandoning many breeds that have been locally adapted over thousands of years in favor of new exotic but more productive breeds.
These factors include prevalence of camel diseases and the pastoralists' retention of less productive breeds.
There is also no evidence that the adoption of more productive breeds necessarily translates into people keeping fewer animals (Marshall 2014).
The slightly lower reduction in lambs points to a marginal increase in lambing percentages, which would suggest a move to less hardy and more productive breeds.
Many local breeds have become endangered or extinct because of crossbreeding with more productive breeds [ 11].
Yakutian cattle were purebred until 1929 and, from then on, were subjected to extensive crossbreeding with productive breeds [ 2].
Intensive selection of a few highly productive breeds has caused the decline of numerous other breeds that often possess special adaptive characteristics (to harsh conditions, disease resistance, etc).
While high productive breeds may not compete with low-input breeds in marginal regions or extensive production, FAO has expressed concern due to the shift from local breeds to high-output animals [ 2].
In fact, native breeds that have prospered despite unfavorable environmental conditions, poor zootechnical management, and no anthelmintic treatments are more resistant than highly productive breeds selected in areas with optimal health and zootechnical management [ 14].
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