It may be possible to improve the economic feasibility of biofuel production by combined production of value-added products, such as hemp fibres.
A third view is that a 'step-change' in economic efficiency of lignocellulosic conversion is possible if liquid fuel production were to be combined with the production of value-added products (bio-based chemicals, materials) in a biorefinery [51], [66].
Overall, a subsidized R&D program results in a production, value added and employment effect that amounts to at least twice the initial financing.
These include: fertilisers, water and agrochemical management; cropping system; energy input; value of production; value added; farm household income; CAP independence; farm business diversification; natural value of the farm and functional landscape pattern.
To the extent that the Keynesian multiplier, in the form of production, value added, or job creation, is the inverse function of the propensity to consume locally, the magnitude of these "drains" moderates that of the construction effect.
Solid-state fermentation is also finding increased application in the production of enzymes, antibiotics, surfactants, biocides etc. as also for the production of value-added products from wastes.
This fund will be used for improvement of production efficiency, support of processing and agro-industries or downstream agro-industries towards the production of value-added products.
It is envisaged that AD of food waste could be combined with an existing AD facility or be integrated with the production of value-added products to reduce costs and increase revenue.
The subsequent application of the biomass from the remediation for the production of fuels and petrochemicals offers an ecologically friendly and cost-effective solution for water pollution problems and production of value-added products.
Short branched-chain fatty acids (SBCFAs, C4-6) are versatile platform intermediates for the production of value-added products in the chemical industry.
