With the industrialization of alcohol production and the globalization of its marketing and promotion, alcohol consumption and its related harms have increased worldwide (see Alcohol Consumption Trends, in this issue).
Presently, manufacturing companies are not only facing strong economic pressure due to complex and diverse economic trends of shorter product life cycles, increased diversity in customer demand, and the globalization of production activities but are also seeking to meet emerging industrial criterions including sustainability for environmental benefits [1, 2].
This suggests the need for a generic focus on labour markets (on which trade policy is just one influence among many) and the global reorganization of production as pathways leading from globalization to changes in access to SDH and in health outcomes.
At the beginning of the 21st century nearly all countries were responding to the globalization of production by promoting exports and opening domestic markets to international competition to varying degrees.
Globalization of production has ushered in vibrant manufacturing service industries whose business is to serve the production needs of product engineering firms.
They are all small and open welfare state economies, built around similar comprehensive, universal welfare state ideology and organization (Esping-Andersen, 1990), subjecting them to similar financial pressures from the migration of low-skilled labour and the globalization of production (Andersen, 2004).
The myriad of barely regulated world financial markets that finance the globalization of production, combined with so-call "free trade" agreements.
The globalization of production, moreover, has introduced more opacity into the process of garment assembly, often through a labyrinth of retailers, suppliers, contractors and subcontractors, and layers of deniability for all.
To start with, that term suggests that the problems we are facing today, from climate change to the destabilization of markets and the disruption of economic systems through the globalization of production and distribution, are somehow just a repeat of the industrial revolution that socialists and communists denounced as "capitalism" in the 19th century.
Globalization aided this phenomenon by moving large chunks of global production to low-wage, high-efficiency parts of the world.
