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This leads to very low value of hydro-thermal energy production coefficient.
Consequently we modify the heat production coefficient c ˜ q (see definition of c ˜ q in Section 3).
As it can be seen in Figure 5, SVI reduced by increasing injected p NP which caused low biomass production coefficient.
Reduction of biomass production coefficient is an ideal solution for the reduction of excess sludge especially in industrial wastewater treatment plants.
Many researchers achieved similar results with other uncoupling combinations in the reduction of produced excess biological sludge by decreasing biomass production coefficient [27, 40, 42].
The reason of decreasing sludge production coefficient was energy spilling because of uncoupled para- nitrophenol in the reactor as the result of less electron transportation from electron donor [42].
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The nitrogen and phosphorus annual emissions in livestock pollutants are calculated using feces production, output coefficient of nitrogen and phosphorus, and number of livestock by using the following formula: TN and TP annual emissions = individual feces production × feeding period × number of livestock × output coefficient of nitrogen and phosphorus ×10−3.
Supply of raw materials and intermediates: constraints (23) ensure that the required quantities of raw materials and/or intermediate products (resulting from given production coefficients) are supplied to the plant locations to start manufacturing.
Consequently, some cells have higher production and basal production coefficients than others.
Figure 3 shows 2 examples of patterns (A, B) produced with 2 different production coefficients (ρ = 600 and ρ = 35) and the scaling behavior across 120 patterns with different production coefficients (B).
Theoretically, this kind of topographic relationship could also be imposed by the repulsion coefficients alone, without introducing variance in cellular production coefficients.
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