Oil production and refining, petrochemicals, poultry products, financial services, and timber are now major industries.
In addition to elevating premiums for some energy products, the disruption to the production and refining infrastructure may add to energy price volatility.
Sabotage and looting are not the only obstacles hampering the production and refining of crucial petroleum products for domestic use.
The spikes caused by Hurricane Katrina -- which heavily damaged oil production and refining in the Gulf region -- accentuated gains the refiners and producers already were enjoying over the past year.
Deposition of asphaltene critically affects crude oil production and refining.
Consider Bahrain, which earns 70percentt of its revenues through petroleum production and refining.
Today's deal would add oil exploration, production and refining operations, and expand Petrobras's total production by 12percentt.
The governments of oil-exporting countries, particularly OPEC countries, effectively nationalized large chunks of their oil production and refining capacities.
Chevron engages in all phases of petroleum operations, from exploration, production, and refining to marketing and research.
Significant industries include food processing and wine making, as well as the production and refining of petroleum.
It is expensive to upgrade, and refining it produces more sulfur dioxide as well as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases than production and refining of conventional oil.
