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Target the retina or the visual centres and you can produce illusory flashes of light called phosphenes.
The question however remains as to the nature of the local information at stake in the tendency to produce illusory contours.
Here we tested this specifically, by providing direct input into human visual cortex via cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to produce illusory visual percepts, called phosphenes.
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"I had no share in its earliest beginnings," he writes, and he goes on to tell of Breuer's treatment, back in 1880, of a girl called Anna O., who was afflicted with "the enigmatic condition which, from the time of ancient Greek medicine, has been known as 'hysteria,' and which has the power of producing illusory pictures of a whole number of serious diseases".
Electrical field stimulation of the visual cortex, including that by TMS, produces illusory percepts of light called "phosphenes" (Brindley and Lewin 1968).
In this case the model would fail to produce an illusory contour signal in V2.
In line with the model's prediction, we found that multiattribute stimuli can produce an illusory perception of a multiattribute object arising from erroneous integration of attribute pairs, implying that object recognition is based on parallel perception of paired attributes.
We explored this possibility using model simulations and obtained a concrete prediction that rapid serial presentation of three-attribute objects sharing two features in common with an unpresented three-attribute object (target) will produce an illusory perception of the target.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the occipital pole can produce an illusory percept of a light flash (or 'phosphene'), suggesting an excitatory effect.
Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) perimetry employs stimulus fields not dissimilar to those employed in the present study though the grating pattern is phase modulated at a high temporal frequency to produce an illusory doubling of the spatial frequency [ 38].
Jon Krosnick of Stanford University also points out that screening produced an illusory "bounce" after each convention.
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